Violence perpetrated by members of one’s own ethnic group produces up to five times more trauma than violence from opposing groups. Joan Barceló and Keshana Ratnasingham examined mental health outcomes among Tamil civilians in postwar Sri Lanka by comparing exposure to violence perpetrated by ethnic outgroups versus violence perpetrated by coethnics. The study is published in the journal PNAS Nexus.
In civil war, trauma from intragroup can cause more pain than intergroup violence
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